The toploader input shaft pretty much tells all:
Check out the diameter of these 2 shafts:
Small block 1 1/16" diameter shaft shown on top (or it could be shortened for a 390) and FE 427, 428, 429 1 3/8" on the bottom. The one on the bottom has the longer pilot bearing snout because it is a strictly aftermarket creation which allows this tranny to be used behind a small block with the right clutch setup. It too could be shortened and used behind the larger BB's.
The 427, 428, and 429 big block trannys are all close ratios and will also have 31 spline output shafts, compared to the lesser tranny's choice of close or wide ratios with either 28 or even 25 spline shafts.
top: 260, 289, 302, 351
center: 390
bottom: 427, 428, 429
Never go by the ID tag and assume that you found a particular toploader as the guts (small block and big block) are pretty much all the same (except for close and wide ratio specific gears) and parts are often interchanged.
To further study the differences in the toploaders, I suggest visiting the following site. In particular I suggest starting with the info found in the ID chart section:
http://www.4speedtoploaders.com/
I cannot tell you anything about the T10's except that they are weaker and harder to get parts for compared to the toploader.